Othello by Shakespeare.. Summary

Othello by Shakespeare.. Summary

Othello.....by Shakespeare ....Summary

Othello is one of the greatest tragedies of Shakespeare. It was written in 1603 and published in 1604. It was borrowed from 'Hundred Tales'  written by Giraldi Cinthio. Othello is considered a domestic tragedy because it is brought about by the intrigues laid down by Iago. 
The tragedy is the most sublime form of all literary compositions. It is a tragic story of a great man who belongs to a very high social rank. His fall from prosperity to adversity arouses the emotions of pity and terror.
Othello is also a very famous tragedy of Shakespeare. It is based on the disloyalty of husbands and wives. It is a story of a Military General named Othello. He belongs to a very high class. He is an Egyptian Moor by birth. He has achieved greatness through his hard work, honesty and devotion. He also earned the faith of the Duke of Venice. This tragedy is divided into five Acts.

Othello.....by Shakespeare ....Summary

Act-- 1.

The story of Othello is set in Venice. It starts with Desdemona's elopement with Othello. Desdemona was a very beautiful girl who lived in Venice. She was the daughter of Brabantio, a powerful senator of Venice. She was motherless. She was very humbled by her nature. She was in love with Othello. Othello was a very handsome young man lived in Venice. He also loved Desdemona. He often used to visit her house and narrate the stories of his adventures in order to impress her.  He always tried to impress her in many ways.

 Othello was an Egyptian moor by birth but he had accepted Christianity and the Venetian culture. Therefore Desdemona decided to live with him in spite of the differences in their colour, age, race and nationality. There was one more person who loved Desdemona. His name was Roderigo. He often visited her house to open his heart to her. He was a young gentleman of Venice. He hired Iago to arrange his meeting with Desdemona. Iago was a low paid soldier in the army of Venice. He was a cunning and greedy man. Roderigo regularly gave money to Iago for it. One day in the evening, Roderigo heard the news of Desdemona 's elopement with Othello. 

He immediately went to Iago's house and asked him to return his money because he had failed to help him in setting his affair with Desdemona. But Iago was a very cunning person. He told him that Desdemona could not live with Othello forever. Because they were different with each other in colour, age, race and nationality. After saying this Iago assured him that one day Desdemona would be his wife. She will leave Othello very soon. Their marriage could not be successful. He will try to change Desdemona's mind for Othello. 

He further told him that he also hated Othello because he had promoted Cassio as lieutenant instead of him. While he had more knowledge of military affairs than Cassio but he had promoted him. He asked Roderigo to inform Brabantio immediately about his daughter's elopement with Othello. Iago asked him to poison Brabantio's ears against Othello.

After it, Iago and Roderigo reached at Brabantio's house immediately to inform him about his daughter. He reached there in the dark night and shouted very loudly from outside his house to awake Brabantio. When Brabantio awoke, they asked him to search his daughter in the house. Brabantia came to know about his daughter's elopement with Othello. He became very angry. After it, Iago went leaving Roderigo there saying that, He will meet him at the Sagittacy where Desdemona stayed. He also told him about Othello's departure to Cyprus that night.

 Othello was sent by Duke to lead the war with the Turks. As Iago was a very cunning and selfish man, he immediately went to meet Othello to inform him about Brabantio's anger for him. He told him that Brabantio was saying ill of him. He asked Othello whether he had married well or not because Brabantio was a very powerful senator and he would try to take away Desdemona from him. But Othello told him that whatever he had done for the state and the Duke would be more powerful than Brabantio's power as a senator.

In the meanwhile, Cassio came over there to inform Othello about summon sent by the Duke related to the war in Cyprus. Both Othello and Cassio were going to the Duke. They came across with Brabantio who was along with his relatives going to the Duke. As soon as he saw Othello on his way, he began to angry with him. He called him disloyal. He blamed him for kidnapping his daughter and use magic on her to win her heart.

 As soon as Othello and Cassio reached the Duke's council, The Duke commanded them to rush to Cyprus. In the meantime, Brabantio with his relatives, also reached there to complain against Othello. Brabantio told the Duke that his daughter was kidnapped by Othello. He had put magic on her with the help of quacks.  Brabantio further said that no girl of the reputed family could do this type of mistake as his daughter did.

 It showed that she was controlled by magic.  He requested the Duke to send her back with him. Duke called Desdemona in his presence. When Desdemona came, she told her father that she loved her father as her father and she also loved Othello as her husband. She loved her husband the same as her father was loved by her mother. So both were important for her. She requested her father not to force her to leave her husband. 

 After hearing this, Brabantio became very much disappointed.  He never expected this type of behaviour from his daughter even in his dream. Desdemona requested the Duke to permit her to go with her husband, Othello. She further said that she loved him and wanted to live with him. After hearing it, Duke allowed her to live with Othello. Othello had to go to Cyprus so he left Desdemona with Iago and his wife Emilia. Othello sailed for Cyprus.

On the other hand, Roderigo was very sad for Desdemona. He told Iago that he wanted to die rather than live. He did not want to live without Desdemona. But Iago consoled him saying that one day Desdemona would come to him. He should have patience. Because her love for Othello was not true love. She could not stay with Othello forever. And Othello was also a man of unstable mind. he would leave her very soon. Iago gave advice him to go to Cyprus with him with enough money. He should disguise himself as a strange person.  

Act-- 2

As soon as Othello, Cassio, Iago, Desdemona, Emilia and Roderigo reached Cyprus, they were informed that the war had over as Turkis ships had been drowned. On the other hand, Iago was a very cunning man. He hated Cassio because he was very handsome while Iago was very ugly. So he did not want to see him. He wanted to remove him from his way by any way right or wrong. So to complete this purpose he wanted to poison Othello's ears against Cassio so that he would dismiss him from the job. 

After it, he again thought how to kill Cassio by Roderigo. Therefore he poisoned his ears against Cassio by saying that he was in love with Desdemona and Desdemona also loved him because he was a very handsome man. It would be a good chance for Iago to remove Cassio from his way forever. So he made a plan for it. First of all, he told Roderigo that he had no chance to get Desdemona as his beloved because Cassio also loved Desdemona and she also liked him.

 So he asked Roderigo to irritate Cassio. He told him that Cassio was on duty as a guard of the court tonight. It was a good chance for him to irritate him by talking aloud about his military indiscipline. As Cassio was a man of short temper. He would beat him for it. He should invite him so much that the people of Cyprus would be against him and they would raise a revolt against him for his dismissal. 

After it, Roderigo went away from there and Iago again began to think to take revenge with both Othello and Cassio because he had doubt on both of them for having physical relations with his wife Emilia. So he also hated Othello. For this purpose, he would sow a seed of jealousy in Othello's mind in such a way that he would never get cured of it. 

Iago knew very well Cassio's weakness for wine and its speedy effect on him so he took advantage of his weakness and provoked him to drink more wine as it was a celebrating night. After over drinking, Cassio became out of control. On the other hand, Roderigo was also over drunk. When Roderigo provoked Casssio, he went in chase of Roderiogo to beat him. Seeing this, Montano, the Governor of Cyprus also interfere to save Roderigo from Cassio, he was also beaten and injured by Cassio. Then Roderigo started shouting in a loud voice to call Othello there. While investigation Cassio was found guilty and dismissed immediately. 

After some time when Cassio came out of the effect of wine, he felt ashamed of losing his reputation and favour of his general. Iago consoled him saying that everything would be fine very soon. 

He told him that Othello had done it as his duty. He was not against him but he had to do it under a policy. He did not have any type of ill will against him. It was just as a man would punish his innocent dog to create fear in the heart of an angry lion.

Iago further told him that he would tell him some tricks to get back his rank again. He told him that Othello loved Desdemona so much. He was very much impressed with his charm so the real general of the house was Desdemona . She was too kind to help others. So if he requested her to help him, she would definitely help him. 

After the departure of Cassio Iago began to think about his plan for destroying marriage and domestic life of Othello. He made a plan to poison Othello's mind against Desdemona and Cassio. He knew very well how to sow the seed of doubt in the mind of Othello to shake his faith in his wife's chastity. Thus he would deface Desdemona in the society. Othello never would tolerate her disloyalty for him. Thus he would be successful to spoil their happy domestic life. When Desdemona took the side of Cassio more strongly, Othello would mistrust her.

Act-- 3

After it, Iago and Emilia helped Cassio in meeting with Desdemona. Desdemona promised him to help her at her best. She told him that she would do everything possible for her to help him. She would request her husband to get back his post. In the meantime, Iago brought Othello to his house at the time of Cassio's coming out of his house. He tried to poison his mind saying that he did not like Cassio's meeting with Desdemona when she was alone in the house. When Othello entered into the room of Desdemona, she requested him to help Cassio in getting back his post. She told him that he was a good man. He helped him in getting married. She reminded him of the past services done by Cassio. After hearing her request, Othello gave a chance to Cassio and granted him an interview. 
Iago wanted to take advantage of this opportunity immediately so he gave advise to Othello that Desdemona's increasing interest in Cassio showed that she was more interested in Cassio than him. Therefore she took Cassio's side and supported him urgently. He also poisoned his ears by saying that she was a lady of a double character. It seemed that she got tired of him and she would go to Cassio anytime. Thus he filled his mind with doubts for Desdemona. After it when he again met with Desdemona, he complained of a headache. Desdemona gave him her handkerchief to bind his head. It was a handkerchief which was given to Desdemona by Othello as a wedding gift. It was not only an ordinary handkerchief for Othello but also a thing of great value. While putting it aside it fell on the ground. After sometime Emilia looked it and picked up that handkerchief and gave it to his beloved, Bianca. 

After it, Iago informed Othello about handkerchief which Othello gave to Desdemona to keep carefully. Iago told him that he had seen Cassio using Desdemona's handkerchief. Hearing this Othello became angry. That time his mind was full of jealousy. He went Desdemona and asked for a handkerchief. He told her that the handkerchief was not an ordinary handkerchief. It was charmed by an Egyptian magician and was given to his mother. He got that handkerchief by his mother. Desdemona told him that the handkerchief had lost. 

Desdemona was very sad on the loss of her handkerchief. She was feeling disturbed to notice the sudden change in Othello's behaviour. When Cassio came to Desdemona to talk on his case, she told him that she could not be succeeded as his husband's behaviour had changed for her. Therefore she advised to Cassio to keep patience for some time.

Act-- 4

In order to increase Othello's jealousy to the utmost extreme, Iago again poisoned his ears. He created a situation in which he and Cassio had a conversation about Bianca. So that when Othello overheard their conversation, He understood that conversation about Bianca and he convinced of Desdemona's disloyalty. That time, seeing Cassio's smile while conversation, Othello became mad and lost his sleep. He was restless to think about it. He did not believe his wife and rejected her prayer about her innocence. In the meantime, Othello was informed to come back to Venice leaving Cyprus under the charge of Cassio.

Act-- 5

The plan of Iago to kill Cassio and Roderigo....

After it, Iago made a plan to kill Cassio and Roderigo at night. But his plan had failed as Roderigo was killed and Cassio was injured in his leg. On the other hand, Othello was in the state of extreme jealousy. He thought to save his honour by killing Desdemona. 
He did not like people raising their fingers at him pointing out publicly because of Desdemona's character.

 He thought that people would make fun of him by saying him a cuckold. So he entered into Desdemona's room to kill her. He woke her and asked her to pray before death. She requested him that she was innocent. She asked him to ask Cassio about it. but he did not listen to her and killed her with heavy heart and tears in her eyes. He was very sad. When Othello came to know the truth of handkerchief by Emilia, he became very sad. after it, Emilia was killed by Iago to reveal his secret. 

Now Othello had known that his wife Desdemona was innocent, he also killed himself with a sword. He was hopeless. He was repenting for killing his wife without knowing the truth. There were three dead bodies lying on Othello's house. The person behind the tragic death of three persons was Iago. He was immediately taken into custody and investigated for his conspiracy against three innocent people. But he did not speak even a word in his self-defense. He requested people not to ask him anything because he would not speak a word. 
Main characters in the play

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Matthew Arnold.......life and works

 About the poet......Matthew Arnold

The famous poet Matthew Arnold was born on December 24, 1822. He was the son of Dr Thomas Arnold, the famous headmaster of Rugby. Arnold had completed his schooling in Winchester and Rugby. He went to Oxford in 1841. After receiving his education, he joined a teacher job at Rugby. His wife Lucy Wightman was the daughter of a famous judge. He was honoured with the professorship of poetry at Oxford in 1857. "The Strayed Reveller and Other Poems", the first and famous collection of Arnold's poetry, appeared in the world of literature in 1849, got popularity.
His main works include 'Strayed Reveller', The Forsaken Merman', Shakespeare (sonnet)', Tristram and Iseult', The Scholar-Gipsy', Merope, a tragedy', Empedocles on Etna', ' ' Thyrsis and Rugby Chapel',Dover Beach.
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Tips for skin care

Tips for skin care in winter

Dry skin is skin that lacks moisture in its outer layer.  If you don't treat it, It can crack and become infected. Dry skin is a very normal condition that causes cracking and dry patches. The common symptom of dry skin is itching. And It is more common especially in the winter season and drier climates. Extreme dryness can cause the skin to crack. Therefore treatment for dry skin is very important for us. These are some home remedies and tips for skin care in winter.

Honey

Research has shown that honey is beneficial for many types of skin diseases. Honey may be used as a home treatment to relieve dry skin. Honey is the moisturizing, healing and anti-inflammatory. So honey is ideal at home treatment to relieve dry skin. It is a completely natural ingredient and can be applied directly to the skin.

Apply moisturizer regularly 

Once you come out of the shower, towel off gently and apply a moisturizer all over your body to lock in hydration. During this cold and dry weather, a lotion with lots of glycerine is your best condition to keep your skin soft. Glycerine is a viscous liquid that draws moisture from the air and keeps it into the skin to moisturized for long.

Drink water

Dry skin is a skin condition characterized by a lack of the appropriate amount of water in the most superficial layer of the skin. To protect your skin from hydration you should drink plenty of water. It not only helps your body but also your skin to stay young. Don't skimp on water, even though you may not be as thirsty as in summer. If you drink plenty of water you will see and feel the effects. 

Milk 

Milk is also very good for relief from dry skin. You should take diet including milk. It improves dry skin. The milk contains the fat i.e. phospho-lipid, which acts as a skin barrier to improve the skin. 

Coconut Oil  

Coconut oil is also a natural oil that works well to treat dry skin. It is as safe as petroleum jelly for dry skin. It improves skin hydration and keeps skin moisturized and soft.

 Aloe Vera

Aloe vera gel also helps to relief from dry skin. You can apply aloe vera gel on your hands or feet and cover the affected area with a sock or glove. You should prefer to do this before going to bed and leave the gel on all night.

Olive oil and Sunflower oil

The study has found that Sunflower seed oil improved hydration when used it as the moisturizer and olive oil also proved a good moisturizer that repairs the damaged skin inside and keeps your body moisturized. 

Petroleum Jelly

Studies have shown that petroleum jelly also can be used moisturizer for dry skin for dry skin. It is known as mineral oil.

Use Natural Moisturizers

Use natural moisturizers like butter, milk, honey, curd, coconut oil, olive oil than chemical moisturizers. Milk and butter soften our skin and curd acts as the good hydrating agent and prevents itchiness and dryness. Honey is considered an excellent moisturizer. It has antioxidants which make our skin soft and smooth.

Apply Sunscreen 

Do not go outside in any season without using SPF of at least 15 on your face and hands. It is just as important to be applying sunscreen in the harsh winter weather as it is in the summer season.

Limited Shower Time

Long, hot showers can cause the skin to dry out more than necessary and can irritate your skin. But your skin will be better with a 5 to 10-minute shower with lukewarm water. Frequent hand washes also cause dryness. So you should avoid using hot water while washing your hands. Try adding lemon juice to your bath water. Avoid hot water which will strip your skin of its natural oil.

Diet

Diet has a direct connection with skin health. The use of fats in your daily routine may help to improve your dry skin. You should take a diet rich in walnuts, olive oil, avocados. But the most important thing is not over eat them.

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The last leaf....summary |O.Henry

The Last Leaf...Summary

The last leaf is a famous story written by O.Henry. The main theme of the story is human psychology. It was published in 1907 in his collection The Trimmed Lamp and Other Stories. The story was set in Greenwich Village. It was a story of two young women artists Sue and Johnsy and an old artist named Mr Behrman who was the neighbour of Sue and Johnsy. In this story, the old artist saved the life of Johnsy with his lively painting. This story told us how a lively painting and art saved the life of Johnsy. It was a story of a young girl who was dying with pneumonia but an old artist named Mr Behrman saved her life by giving her the will to live with the help of his painting. A long time ago there was a street in the town of Florence named Artsville Street.
 It was famous for arts and paintings. But slowly the street lost its glory. The reason behind it was poverty. Everybody wanted to love arts but did not want to pay more to artists and painters. Therefore the artists and painters started to do jobs in their neighbourhood to earn their living. It was really a bad time for artists still there were a few artists who kept doing what they love. The did not leave their work of painting and arts. There were also two young women artists among them named Sue and Johnsy. They were good friends. They lived together and took care of each other. both the women were different in nature. Sue was a strong headed and practical woman. She would work hard and face every problem with grace. While Johnsy was always looked worried for the future. 
Sue and Johnsy had a neighbour named Mr Behrman. He was also a good artist. now he was being old still he was full of life. He would paint anything for his satisfaction and inner happiness whether it was a bench on the road, a tree and steps in his building. He was one of those artists who tried to keep the spirit of Artsville alive. Being a painter he always helped Sue with her work. And  Sue always said to him to sell his paintings and earn money but he always replied to her that not everything had to be done for money. You must never stop doing what you really love. He always said to Sue that one day he would paint a masterpiece to save the life of others.
 His paintings will save the life of people one day. All was going well until one-day Johnsy fell ill. This was the time when there was spreading epidemic Pneumonia everywhere in the town. Johnsy also fell ill with pneumonia. She always lied on the bed and she was being weaker day by day. She always looked worried about her health and said that she never be cured of pneumonia but Sue always said to her that she will get well soon. there was an ivy vine outside the window and Johnsy always watched the leaves fall from that vine. She decided that when the last leaf dropped she too would die while Sue always told her not to think like that. 
But she always thought negative about her health. She said that she never could be cured of illness. now She was being weaker day by day. The doctor advised her to think positive about her health. Then she could be cured soon. The doctor told Sue that Johnsy had no will to live so she was not being well. If she had the will to cure then she would be cured very soon. one day Sue went to Mr Behrman and told him about Johnsy,s illness and also told him about her claim of death after falling off the last leaf of a vine which was outside her window. Mr Behrman became surprised to hear Johnsy' foolishness but as he wanted to save Johnsy, a good artist so he decides to see Johnsy and the vine. At that night a very bad storm came and the wind blowed very fast and It started raining heavily.
 To see the very bad climate outside Sue shut the window and closed the curtains. After it, she told Johnsy to go to sleep. Sue knew that there was only one leaf left on the vine. So Sue didn't  want Johnsy to see the last leaf fall but Johnsy protestsp still Sue insisted her to sleep. After it in the morning, Johnsy wanted to see the vine and the last leaf She said to Sue to open the curtain but Sue didn't not want to open it.

 Johnsy again insisted her to do so. Therefore Sue had to open the curtain and she looked outside the window. There was still one leaf left on the vine. She became surprised to see the last leaf on the vine in spite of the storm and heavy rain. Sue told Johnsy about the last leaf. After listening to her Sue became surprised that it was still on the vine. To see the last leaf left on the vine, Johnsy told sue that The last leaf did not fall that night in spite of the storm and heavy rain. If that leaf could remain on the vine then I also could be cured of my illness.
 now she gainsg a new will to live. She got recovered from her illness in throughout the day. she started to take medicines again to cure. now she had faith to be healthy very soon. Seeing this Sue became very happy for his friend. In the afternoon Sue came to know that Mr Behrman was in the hospital. The doctor told sue that he had come here with pneumonia. Her condition was not well. He was being taken to the hospital in his final hours.
 But now It was too late to cure him. Watchman did not know what Mr Behrman was doing outside in the stormy night. He only found lantern that was still lit, a ladder and some scattered brushes with a palette with green and yellow colours mixed on it. Sue also saw these things outside her window in the morning. Sue came to know about the reality of the last leaf left on the vine on a stormy night. She said to Johnsy to look out the window and see the last ivy leaf on the wall. She told her that this was  Mr Behrman's masterpiece. He painted it on the wall to save her life. This painting has saved her life. 

It was really his masterpiece which had saved the life of an artist. She told Johnsy that Mr Behrman has died with pneumonia. After hearing this Johnsy became very sad that he had died while making the painting of the last leaf on the wall for her life. 

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Essay on New Year

Essay on New Year

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India is a country of different festivals. It is said that the people of India celebrate every festival with great enthusiasm. Like other festivals, people of India also celebrate the New Year with great zeal and happiness. It is not only celebrated in India but also all over the world with great happiness. 

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Pride And Prejudice.... summary

 Pride And Prejudice....by Jane Austen...Summary

It is one of the best novels of Jane Austen. It is a very popular romantic novel. It was originally titled ‘First Impression’. Later It was published under the title ‘Pride And Prejudice’. Jane Austen took this title from Fanny Burney’s novel Cecilia. The novel Pride and Prejudice is a humorous story of love and life. The story of this novel revolves around the Bennet family. The novel opens at Longbourn with the conversation of Mr Bennet and Mrs Bennet. Mrs Bennet is a foolish and frivolous lady. She is a lady with a lack of self-awareness. Some time she behaves in an odd manner. 

She lived in the village of Longbourn. She had five daughters to marry. They were Jane, Elizabeth, Kitty, Lydia and Mary. The eldest daughter Jane was very beautiful. Her second daughter Elizabeth was very intelligent. She is the main character in this novel. Kitty always looked sick and kept laughing. Lydia was the youngest and very tall and Mary was very calm and cold in nature.

In this novel, Mrs Bennet always looks worried about the marriage of their daughters. She wanted to marry their daughters with rich and prosperous Young men. So that they could be settled in their life. Now her first two daughters had become young for marriage so she was very much worried about them. She always searches for handsome unmarried young men to marry her daughters. Being their mother, Mrs Bennet was quite worried about their marriage with rich young men of respectable families.

She once said to her husband,"If I can but see one of my daughters happily settled at Netherfield and all the others equally well married, I shall have nothing to wish for.” Thus the only business of her life was to get her daughters married. For this reason, She mostly visits her neighbours, friends and relatives and searches a good match for her daughters.

One day Mrs Bennet told her husband about an unmarried young man, Mr Bingley who stayed at Netherfield Park near Longbourn. Mr Bingley came from the North of England.  He was a very rich Young man. Mr Bingley had inherited property from his father. So Mrs Bennet was so happy and excited to think about Mr Bingley. She thinks that the young man may fall in love with one of her daughters. So she requested her husband to invite Mr Bingley to their home. As Mr Bingley is their new neighbor.

On the invitation of Mr Bennet, Bingley came to their home to meet them. He also wanted to see their daughters about whose beauty he heard much. But he saw only the father because they were not there. He wore a blue coat and looking very handsome. Mr Bannet requested him to join them on dinner but he did not accept the offer because he had to go to the town for some important work.

Lady Lucas who was a neighbour of Mrs Bennet told her about a large party of Mr Bingley. The Bennet family was invited to the party. When the party started, Mr Bingley came there with his two sisters, the husband of the elder sister, and a handsome man Darcy, his friend and other family members. The Bennet family also arrived there to join the party and ball.

Mr Bingley danced with Jane who is a very pretty girl and he asked his friend Darcy to dance with Elizabeth, sister of Jane. But Darcy coldly said, “She is tolerable but not handsome enough to tempt me.” Since this moment, Elizabeth got prejudiced against Darcy and her fight against Darcy’s pride began. Here prejudiced means having a partial attitude.

Here Darcy declares that Elizabeth is not enough beautiful to impress him and she is not able to dance with him. After It, Elizabeth felt insulted and decided to stand against Darcy’s pride. It shows the significance of the title of the novel. Though the theme of the novel is very simple the complications in the story begin with the pride of Darcy and prejudice of Elizabeth against Darcy. Thus it is a story of Darcy’s pride and Elizabeth’s prejudice.

However, Jane admired Mr Bingley and his sisters they behaved very politely with her. But on the other hand, Elizabeth did not like Mr Bingley’s sisters because she found them proud and self-conceited.

There was another family lived near Longbourn village. It was the family of Sir William Lucas. This family had family terms with Bennet family. His eldest daughter, Charlotte was also present in the ball. She also danced with Mr Bingley. When she met with Elizabeth in the morning, she told her that Mr Bingley was saying that Jane was the prettiest woman. And she further said that Mr Darcy is a very proud man because he is a very rich person. But Elizabeth replied that it was true about his richness and she could easily forgive his pride if he had not hurt her sense of pride. 

After the party, Mr Bingley began to like Jane, and Darcy also started to see beauty in the black eyes of Elizabeth. But Elizabeth did not like Darcy. When in a party, she was requested by Sir William Lucas to dance with Darcy, She coldly rejected him. It was a big rebuke to Darcy. 

Here Catherine and Lydia made frequent visits to Meryton to meet Mrs Phillips who is the sister of their mother. There they met with the military officers posted in Meryton. One day Bingley’s sister, Caroline invited Jane for dinner. Mrs Bennet sent Jane to Netherfield on a horseback but she got badly wet due to heavy rain on the way. She became ill and requested to stay there with the Bingley’s family that night. When Elizabeth got the news about Jane’s illness she reached Netherfield immediately on feet. Since Jane was very ill and has a fever so Elizabeth was advised to stay with her.

Next morning, Mrs Bennet also reached Netherfield with her two youngest daughters to meet Jane. When she knew about the wellness of Jane’s health, she made a plan to stay the longer there and she made excuses to stay longer there. Then she departed to their village with his two daughters. When Elizabeth stayed with Bingley’s residence, Darcy began to give more attention on her.

 He always tried to look her. He was attracted to her. Miss Bingley had noticed it. So she got jealous of her. Miss Bingley wanted to keep Darcy away from Elizabeth so she always tried to impress Darcy with many ways. But Darcy always behaved rudely with her. The next evening, Darcy asked Elizabeth to dance with him but she declined. 

Darcy accepted that he had faults in his behaviour. He said to Elizabeth that he is not perfect and next day Jane and Elizabeth returned to Longbourn but her mother was a mother was not happy to see them back to home. The next day, Collins, the heir of Mr Bennet ’s property arrived there to stay. One day he went to Meryton with four Bennet sisters to meet Mrs Phillips. There they met Wickham, a handsome Youngman. Once when Elizabeth met with Wickham at Meryton he told her how Darcy had cheated him and deprived him of his good living. He told her about Darcy’s jealousy for him.

Now Jane got one more invitation for a ball on Tuesday from Bingley and his sister. There at the ball, Elizabeth wanted to dance with Wickham but he was missing from the ball. So she danced with Collins. Then she danced with Darcy and Bingley while dancing with Jane, Bingley told her that Wickham had told her a lie about Darcy.

The next morning, Collins proposed Elizabeth for marriage but she declined the offer coldly. In the meantime, Jane received a letter from Miss Bingley saying that they had left Netherfield and will stay in London for the winter. And Bingley was hoped to get married to Darcy’s sister. This made Jane very sad. 

After a few days, Collins was married to Charlotte Lucas, Mrs Bennet was very sad to think that her daughters were not engaged.

Hearing the news about Bingley’s staying in London and his marriage to Miss Darcy, Jane went to London to stay with the Gardiner’s.  From there Elizabeth went to Hansford with Sir William Lucas to meet Collins and Charlotte Lucas. There they met with Lady Catherine and her daughters also. Soon after, Darcy also arrived at Hunsford with his cousin Colonel Fitz William to stay with Collins. Elizabeth told Darcy that Jane stayed in London but none of Bingley’s family came to meet her.

One day when Elizabeth was writing a letter to Jane, Darcy came into her room. She was surprised to see Darcy coming like this. At that time Mrs Collins and her younger sister came there and told her Darcy’s frequent journey to Hunsford. Meanwhile, Darcy’s cousin Colonel Fitz William told Elizabeth that Darcy had told him that he had saved Bingley from an unwise marriage. Hearing this Elizabeth became very angry. When she was lost in her deep thought, Darcy came into her room and expressed his love for her. Since she was very angry so she did not welcome it. She told him that he was a very proud man and he had arrogance, pride and disdain for the feelings of others. Hearing this Darcy was very disappointed and disturbed but he remained calm. 

After this Darcy wrote a letter to Elizabeth in defence of his character and behaviour. He told her that Mr Bingley was not excited for Jane because she never expressed her feelings of love properly to Bingley. The fact was that it might be due to the low rank of the Bannets and the lack of good manners of her mother and younger sisters. He also wrote about Wickham that he is an Untrusting man.

After it, Darcy went from Hunsford and Elizabeth also went to London to meet Jane and from there both of them departed to their home. After reaching home, Elizabeth told Jane about her meeting with Darcy at Hunsford. She also told her about a conversation between her and Darcy at Hunsford. Hearing the whole conversation, Jane felt very sad and disappointed. 

After going Wikham and the regiment, Elizabeth went to visit the Pemberley estate with the Gardiners and that time Lydia went to Brighton with Forester’s wife. After reaching Pemberley, Elizabeth met with Darcy and they both got more opportunities to know about each other more. Meanwhile, Bingley with his sister also reached there to meet with Darcy.

After it, one more incident happened. It was Lydia’s marriage with Wickham. Lydia eloped with Wickham and got married to him. After marriage, Lydia came to Longbourn to meet her family. Lydia told Elizabeth about Darcy’s presence at her wedding. When Elizabeth came to know about Darcy’s role and help in her marriage and how he has saved her sister’s life. She felt sorry for being so rude with Darcy in the past. Meanwhile, Mr Bingley and Darcy reached at Longbourn to express their love for their lovers. 

Elizabeth thanked Darcy for helping in her sister’s marriage. When Lady Catherine came to know about the affair of Darcy and Elizabeth, she became very angry. Because she wants to marry her daughter with Darcy but Elizabeth did not pay any attention to her. Now Bingley and Jane got married gorgeously. They expressed their love for each other. And Darcy and Elizabeth also changed their thoughts to each other. They tried to understand each other well. They forgot their past thoughts and corrected their opinions about each other. 

Now Elizabeth was not feeling prejudiced against Darcy and Darcy was also no more proud of his estate and riches. They both became polite and humble to each other. They also got married happily. Mrs Bennet was very happy to see her dream come true. Now her three daughters had got married happily and Mrs Bennet got three very good sons in law. She praised all her three sons in law highly. Thus they all started to live happily with each other.   

 

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Essay on christmas

Essay writing on Christmas

Christmas is a religious festival of the Christians. It is celebrated on 25 December as a religious festival all over the world with great zeal and enthusiasm. Christmas is also celebrated as an annual festival. Christmas is a celebration of Jesus Christ's birthday. There are many opinions about the birth of Jesus Christ. There are many popular customs including with Christmas as exchanging gifts, decorating Christmas tree, attending church, feast in the family and friends. On this day people wait for Santa Claus to arrive. Especially children are very excited about Santa Claus and his gifts.

History of Christmas 

There is no fixed date of Jesus Christ in the Bible. Bible doesn't describe the celebration of Jesus Christ's Birthday. The early Christians didn't celebrate the birthday of Jesus Christ because they considered to celebrate anyone' birthday is according to a Pagan custom. Tree worship is very popular among the Pagan Europeans. The real story of Christmas is the story of Jesus Christ whom people consider their God. Godsend him to love all human beings on earth. The true meaning of Christmas is love. It is a festival of love. We celebrate his birthday by giving gifts to each other. On this day we go to church and worship Jesus Christ and giving well wishes to each other. Thus Christmas is a festival of happiness, zeal and enthusiasm.

Christmas tree

Christmas tree is a special part of this festival. It is associated with Christian symbolism. On this festival an evergreen tree, often a pine or a fir decorated with lights, bells and ornaments. Christmas tree can be fresh cut or artificial. Christmas trees are used as both indoor and outdoor decorations.  The Christmas tree is the symbol of luck. It is a symbol to achieve your dreams. Tree worship was common among the Pagan Europeans. 

The modern Christmas trees are decorated with apples that are considered as the garden of Adam and Eve. That represents the garden of Eden. Another importance of the Christmas tree is its a decoration that is a symbol of prosperity. It is an important part of the Christmas festival. It is kept in living rooms and decorated with lights, bells, fruits and other artificial shining ornaments. The Christmas gifts are usually hanged on the tree or kept under the tree. Families gather around the Christmas tree and open their presents.

Merry Christmas dance

Dance is a very important part to celebrate any festival. Without singing and dancing, there is no fun in any festival. On Christmas night people also sing jingle songs and popular carols. Carols are traditional songs sung on Christmas night. People sing jingles also on this night. People collect together and eat and dance on this day.

They send greeting cards and well wish to each other. Family members meet with each other and spent time with their families. They organize special dance performances and feast on Christmas night and invite their friends.

Decoration of house

The decoration of the home is a very popular part of any festival. People decorate their home while celebrating any festival all over the world. Decorating home is really very interesting and fun for the family members. It is a joyous time for family members to spend some more time with each other. The decoration on Christmas is the symbol of attracting good and pure vibration from nature. People like to decorate their houses with lights.  On Christmas, night homes look like a shining star. Homes look really very beautiful.

Santa Claus

Santa Claus is a Very popular name associated with the Christmas festival. It is also known as Saint Nicholas or father of Christmas. It is said that on Christmas Eve Santa Claus comes and give gifts to all the children. The main story of Santa Claus is that his name was St.Nicholas.  He was a bishop in Asia Minor. He was a very prosperous man. He had a lot of money. He was a very kind person and give gifts secretly to needy persons.

There are many other stories also associated with Santa Claus. Therefore some people disguise themselves as Santa Claus on Christmas Eve in the memory of Santa Claus and distribute gifts to the children.  And children also weight for Santa Claus for their gifts. It is really a very popular tradition of Christmas.

Christmas day is not only celebrated in Christian countries but also all over the world with great enthusiasm. It is celebrated in schools before 25 December. Children dress themselves as Santa Claus and perform dance and singing activities on the stage. Thus Christmas is a very popular and joyful festival celebrated all over the world with great zeal and happiness.

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Easy tips for weight loss

Tips for weight loss

There are many important facts to lose weight and maintain a healthy body. Overweight is the real cause of many diseases. So we should aware about it and maintain a good weight.  First of all, to lose weight for good health you will have to change your old eating habits and you will need to change your lifestyle. There are some effective tips to lose weight easily. Follow these steps to lose weight.

Walking

Walking is also a very good exercise to lose weight. To walk 30 minutes a day is very helpful to lose weight. It really burns your calories and helps you to maintain a healthy body. It keeps your mood happy and calm.so try it to lose your weight.

Use the stairs

Stairs climbing is also a very good exercise to lose weight. It builds strength in your entire body. It burns a lot of calories. Stairs climbing keeps your body active. So to lose your weight quickly use stairs instead of lift whenever you go outside.  

Do yoga and meditation 

 

Research has shown that stress is also the main reason for weight gain. So as well as physical exercise do some yoga and meditation also It helps you to keep your mind calm and increase your inner power to do something.

Do exercise

Exercise is really very helpful for weight loss. Because it can help you to burn extra calories and shape your body well. So do the exercise of your choice for 30 seconds every five minutes and as you progress and get fitter, you can increase the interval to doing a full minute of intense workout every four minutes.

Drink water

Drink plenty of water for weight loss.  It has no calorie. So if you drink water you don't intake any calorie inside. It helps you to burn extra calories and suppress your hunger.  

Green tea

Green tea is a very good option for weight loss. It not only help you to burn your calories but also improve your metabolism. It helps you to keep your body healthy inside and protect you from diseases and help you in fighting cancer.

Fruit and vegetables

Eating fruits and vegetables is a very good habit. They have antioxidants which protect your brain from oxidative stress. They are also very helpful to lose weight because they have less calorie than other foods.

Cutting sugar 

Research has shown that high sugar intake increases rates of obesity, heart disease, and cancer. Many fitness specialists suggest reducing sugar intake to optimize health and body composition. But another reason for cutting sugar from your diet is its high calorie. Sugar is a very high-calorie food and when you consume it you intake a big amount of calories inside. It increases your fat so cutting sugar from your diet helps you to lose weight.

Avoid fast food

Fast food is higher in fat, calories, and sodium in comparison to homemade food. Eating fast food can increase the risk of many diseases like high blood pressure, heart disease and overweight. Fast food effects on your different body system. It is high-calorie food. If you avoid fast food, it will be helpful to lose weight.

These are the tips if you follow these steps definitely you will get success in losing weight. To lose weight is not very hard if you determine it in your mind. Nothing is impossible in this world. So try these tips and maintain a healthy weight.

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The Darkling Thrush....... summary and explanation

The Darkling Thrush... by Thomas Hardy-Summary&Explanation

The famous poem "Darkling Thrush" was composed by Thomas Hardy, a great nature poet. It was published on 29 December 1900, under the title "By the Century's Deathbed". Thomas Hardy was a great poet of nature. This poem is a sweet song of a singing bird Thrush. It is a small bird of nightingale's family generally found in Europe and Asia. The small bird Thrush sings a very sweet song. Her song fills the ears of the poet with her sweet voice. Thus Thrush fills the sad atmosphere with her melodious song.

The poem is an example of the poet's pessimistic nature and dejection. and expresses his intense discontent with the world. This poem also expresses his love for nature. He has used various natural objects in this poem in an impressive way. The poet is very much impressed with the old bird Thrush. This poem presents a feeling of hopelessness. We feel It from the very beginning of the poem. The poet starts this poem with a foggy and misty atmosphere which arises the pessimistic thought into the mind of the poet. But when the poet listens to the sweet song of little bird Thrush. It fills the ears of the poet with sweetness. This sweet music removes the pessimistic thoughts from the mind of the poet. Thus we can say that Hardy is pessimistic by nature and his pessimism reflects in his poems also.

The Darkling Thrush....Poem explanation

The Darkling Thrush is a remarkable composition of Thomas Hardy. It was written on the eve of the new century. like other poems of Hardy It also expresses the feelings of pessimism and sorrow. It is a very popular poem in the world of English poetry. The poem starts with the atmosphere of a cold and foggy winter morning. The is eye scattered everywhere. It is an extremely cold day. The poet is going somewhere suddenly He sees a garden gate. He stays there and observes the atmosphere of the surroundings. The atmosphere is foggy and misty. The trees, bushes and small plants are not looking clearly. They are not visible due to fog and mist. At the time of the evening, The Sun becomes less hot and less bright due to cold and mist. 

The entangled branches are seeming like wires of broken Lyres. The lyre is a musical instrument having wires or chord. Here poet means to say that a broken instrument cannot produce melodious music. Thus there is despair in the atmosphere everywhere. Even those people who mostly used to come there are not looking there because of extremely cold weather. The poet says that those people who used to come here often now pass their time at their home by setting aside to the fire. The description of all these things like entangled branches, fog and very less sunshine has symbolic meaning. Fog is the symbol of chaos and entangled branches are the symbol of struggle. 

The poet beautifully presents his ideas here. He presents the mankind who has lost his faith in chaos and conflict. People are confused here. The fog, mist and entangled branches are the symbols of confused people. The poet declares here that the people are totally confused now due to the darkness of ignorance. The atmosphere is also very pessimistic. 

Here the poet presents the cold and foggy winter morning.  the poet says that the 19th century is going to end and people are lost in conflicts still. The poet remembers the old time when all people are full of energy and spirit. But now that glory and brightness of the century were declining with the growing confusions and conflicts of mankind. The poet is worried that the 19th century has lost in confusions and conflicts. 

 the poet compares the cloudy sky with the grave of a human being. And blowing cold wind is compared with the mourning song, a song sung on the death of someone. The poet declares here that every spirit here is declining day by day due to cold of ignorance. Here we can say that there is no hope in the atmosphere of despair. 

The glory of the ancient time is declining day by day under the growing confusions and conflicts of mankind. 

There is a lack of enthusiasm among the people of the country. Though the old faith is declining yet new ideas are not growing well. The poet is extremely depressed here. He sees no beam of hope anywhere.  While sitting hopelessly the poet suddenly listens to the sweet voice of Thrush that fills the poet's mind and heart with new hope. The bird Thrush fills the gloomy atmosphere with joy and cheerfulness. The poet gets impressed with the song of an aged Thrush. The bird was looking physically weak and aged. still, she was singing so sweetly. The dense fog of despair has gone away with her fast moving feathers. Her voice was so sweet that the poet lost in the world of happiness forgetting his sadness. 

The bird seems divine to the poet. She is inspired with divinity. She is looking like an angel sent by God on the Earth to remove the mist of conflict and confusion from the mind of people. The poet was very much inspired by the sweet song of Thrush that he decides to raise his voice in the world to remove confusions and conflicts from the hearts of people. Thus the little Thrush fills the atmosphere with new hope, joy and inspiration. The bird is the symbol of the beam in the darkness of confusion. Really this poem is a very symbolic poem. It starts with disappointment but ends with new hope. It fills not only the poet' s heart with new hope but also the readers' heart. It inspires the readers too much to have hope in the tough situations of life.  

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